History of Almaty
Almaty, the largest city in Kazakhstan by population, is the financial, cultural, and economic hub of the country, despite no longer holding the capital status. The name "Almaty" translates from Kazakh as "apple-like," a nod to the city's historical association with various apple varieties, particularly the aport apple.
In the 1st century AD, the region was inhabited by the Scythian and Uysun tribes, engaging in cattle breeding and advanced agriculture. Notably, the Scythian tribes exhibited gender equality, and their burial mounds reveal rich artifacts. The most significant find is the Golden Man, a warrior clad in a golden armor. The Issyk Historical and Cultural Reserve-Museum near Almaty showcases these findings.
The city was first mentioned under the name of Almaty in the 13th century. It underwent rapid development in the Middle Ages, when people adopted a sedentary lifestyle, cultivated new crafts, and engaged in trade with neighboring states. During the Silk Road era, Almaty flourished as a significant settlement. However, the decline of the Silk Road led Almaty to transform from a bustling trade center to a small settlement. The city was revitalized in the 19th century with the construction of Fort Verny by the Russian Empire.
On May 28, 1887, a powerful earthquake destroyed Verny, reducing it to a wooden, single-story city. The most severe earthquake occurred on January 4, 1911, with a magnitude of 8.2, causing extensive damage to brick buildings and claiming lives. This earthquake is the strongest in Central Asia so far. Notably, the Ascension Cathedral, built almost entirely of wood, stood as a testament to seismic resilience.
After the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the formation of the USSR, Verny was renamed Alma-Ata, meaning "Father of Apples.” As the capital of the Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Alma-Ata experienced intensive development during Soviet times. World War II played a crucial role in stimulating industrial growth in the city, as numerous enterprises and factories from across the USSR were relocated here as part of evacuation efforts.
In December 1986, Almaty experienced an event known as Jeltoksan. It was a protest triggered by the dismissal of Dinmukhamed Kunayev, the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan and an ethnic Kazakh, who was replaced by Gennady Kolbin, an ethnic Russian. Consequently, internal troops and OMON forces entered the city, leading to widespread violence. Estimated casualty numbers range from 200 to 1000 people. This event is considered the beginning of the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
After gaining independence in 1991, Alma-Ata underwent a name change and was reintroduced as Almaty, a decision rooted in both its historical identity and linguistic appropriateness within Kazakh grammar. The city briefly served as the capital of Kazakhstan until 1997 when it shifted to Astana.
Situated in an area with significant geological risks, Almaty faces the threat of earthquakes and mudslides. To delve into the measures taken to safeguard the city, refer to this article.
Modern Almaty stands as a burgeoning and forward-thinking city, confidently embracing the future. Throughout the years of independence, the city has witnessed substantial economic growth, increased investment, and enhancements in infrastructure and education. Almaty serves as the focal point for the political, cultural, scientific, and financial accomplishments of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Despite relinquishing its official capital status, the city continues to be the soul of Kazakhstan. With a history spanning over a millennium, Almaty persists in the lives of its residents, holding a unique and cherished place in their hearts.
Recommended tours:
View all offers-1_420x650_4ab.jpg "The Best of Almaty Tour: City")
Embark on a captivating 3-hour tour where you'll explore Almaty's prominent attractions. Visit the Museum of Almaty, marvel at the exquisite Ascension Cathedral, and immerse yourself in the vibrant atmosphere of trade at the Green Bazaar.
_420x650_4ab.jpg "The Best of Almaty Tour: Mountains")
Immerse yourself in the breathtaking mountain landscapes just a stone's throw away from the center of Almaty! Explore the awe-inspiring wonders nestled in the Ile-Alatau Mountains and ascend to an elevation of 2260 meters above sea level.
_420x650_4ab.jpg "The Best of Almaty One-Day Tour")
A fantastic option for a day-long adventure that involves discovering Almaty's most fascinating landmarks. This excursion allows you to explore the best attractions of Almaty and also takes you to an elevation of 2260 meters above sea level, providing a delightful experience amidst the breathtaking mountain landscapes.