Dzungarian Alatau Mountains

The Dzungarian Alatau mountain range (sometimes spelled as Jungar Alatau) is a part of the Tien Shan Mountains that stretches across Kazakhstan and China. In Kazakhstan, the range is situated between the eastern part of Lake Balkhash, the Ili River Valley, and the basin of Lake Alakol. It also serves as a natural border between the Jetysu Region of Kazakhstan and the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China.

The mountain slopes in this range have an average height of just over 2500 m (8200 ft), with the highest point being the Semenov-Tian-Shansky Peak standing tall at 4622 m (15164 ft). The Dzungarian Alatau range encompasses several other ridges like Karatau, Altyn-Emel, Baskantau, Koyandytau, Bejintau, and others, with Karatau being a branch of the most significant and longest ridge – the North.

Crossroad of cultures

The Dzungarian Gate, a pass about 50 km (31 mi) long, is a significant feature of the region. It is known for the strong winds that blow through it, affecting the climate of the basins of Lake Alakol (in Kazakhstan) and the Ebi Lake (in China). The pass holds significant historical importance, having served as a vital route for the caravans of the Silk Road and witnessed countless troops of Genghis Khan and conquerors from various regions.

The foothills of the Dzungarian Alatau have been a place of religious and cultural exchange for centuries, where Buddhism, Islam, and Zoroastrianism have coexisted and left their marks on the landscape. Each stone and peak holds a story or legend, making it a fascinating destination for those interested in history and mythology.

Climate and terrain

The climate in the region varies depending on the areas of the mountain slopes. The southern parts of the range have a warmer climate, while the northern parts are colder. The Siberian anticyclone collides with cold air masses from the Arctic and warm air masses from the Turan plain, creating a sharply continental climate. The winter months experience an average temperature of -10 to -12 ºС, while the summer temperature rises to 18-20 ºС. However, it's essential to note that the temperature decreases with an increase in altitude.

The terrain of these mountains is diverse and varies with altitude. Semi-deserts and steppes can be found up to 2500 m (8200 ft), while higher elevations offer breathtaking alpine meadows and, above 3500 m (11500 ft), snow-covered peaks and glaciers. The Dzungarian Alatau is home to 1369 glaciers, including the Abai, Kora, and Balakora glaciers, which serve as the source of major rivers such as Lepsy, Sarkand, and Aksu. The mountains also give rise to stunningly clear lakes and a network of rivers that have supported local cattle breeding for centuries.

What to see and do in the Dzungarian Alatau?

Among the natural attractions in the region, Burkhan-Bulak, the highest waterfall in Kazakhstan, stands out. Several other notable sites are located in the area, including the Zhongar-Alatau National Park on the northern slope of the range and the Altyn-Emel National Park to the west.

Adventure seekers will find plenty to do in the Dzungarian Alatau, with opportunities for trekking, mountaineering, horseback riding, and rafting. The region is rich in natural wonders such as lakes, rivers, gorges, canyons, stone sculptures, and petroglyphs, as well as historical sites including medieval settlements. Professional guides are recommended for those who want to explore the area safely and discover lesser-known gems. Our tours of the Dzungarian Alatau are thoughtfully curated to provide a rich and diverse experience.

Some attractions of the Dzungarian Alatau Mountains:

• Zhongar-Alatau National Park
• Altyn-Emel National Park
• Lake Jasylkol
• Kora Gorge
• Semenov-Tian-Shansky Peak
• Tekeli Stele
• Terekty Gorge
• The Settlement of Koilyk
• The Town of Tekeli
• The Settlement of Ilibalyk
• The Town of Jarkent
• Kalakai Prehistoric Monument
• Lake Jalanashkol
• Eshkiolmes Petroglyph Site
• Toksanbay Ridge
• Burkhan-Bulak Waterfall
• Taygak Gorge
• Bayan-Jurek Ridge
• The Village of Lepsi
• Aulie Agash Tree

The Dzungarian Alatau also boasts fascinating flora and fauna. Read about it in this article.