Bolo-Hauz is one of the most beautiful and distinctive architectural ensembles in Bukhara. Located directly opposite the Ark Fortress, it consists of a mosque, a minaret, and an artificial pond (hauz).

The name of the ensemble translates as “Upper Pool” and refers to the hauz located in front of the mosque. In the past, such reservoirs played an important role in the daily life of Central Asian cities. They served as sources of water, gathering places for residents, and areas for relaxation, while also helping to cool the air during the hot summer months. For this reason, many public buildings were constructed near hauzes.

History of the Ensemble

The history of Bolo-Hauz began in 1712, when a mosque was built here by order of the Emir of Bukhara. Originally, it was a relatively modest structure. Its present appearance was formed in the early 20th century, when a magnificent aivan (an open columned gallery) was added to the building.

The most remarkable element of the aivan is its twenty slender wooden columns supporting the roof. They were crafted by Bukhara’s artisans and decorated with exceptionally fine carvings. Each column features its own unique ornament, and their reflections in the waters of the hauz create an interesting visual effect. Because the reflections appear to double the number of columns, the mosque is sometimes referred to as the “Mosque of Forty Columns.”

The ceiling of the aivan is equally impressive. It is covered with colorful paintings featuring traditional geometric and floral patterns. The combination of carved wood, a richly decorated ceiling, and elegant columns makes Bolo-Hauz one of the most photogenic monuments in Bukhara.

The Emir’s Mosque

In addition to the mosque and the hauz, the ensemble includes a minaret built in 1917. Despite its relatively recent construction, it blends harmoniously with the surrounding architecture.

Bolo-Hauz gained particular importance in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Every Friday, the Emir of Bukhara and members of his court came here for prayer. The ruler would leave the Ark Fortress, cross the square, and enter the mosque. Because of this connection with the ruling dynasty, Bolo-Hauz became known informally as the “Emir’s Mosque.”

Preservation and Today

During the Soviet period, many religious buildings across the region were closed or repurposed. Bolo-Hauz, however, was preserved as an important architectural monument. After Uzbekistan gained independence, the ensemble was restored and once again became an active mosque.

Today, Bolo-Hauz is part of the historic center of Bukhara, which has been included on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Other tourist attractions near the Bolo-Hauz Ensemble:

• Ark Fortress
• Samanid Mausoleum
• Imam Al-Bukhari Memorial Museum
• Poi Kalyan Ensemble
• Bukhara Central Market
• Tim Abdullakhan Trading Dome